Advances in Small Animal Medicine & Surgery
Volume 21, Issue 2 , Pages 1-3 , February 2008

Avian Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Disease Prevention

  • Kemba Marshall (Diplomate, American Board of Veterinary Practitioners (Avian))

References 

  1. Krautwald-Junghanns ME , Braun S , Pees M , et al.   Research on the anatomy and pathology of the psittacine heart . J Avian Med Surg . 2004;18:2–11
  2. Johnson JH , Phalen DN , Kondik VH . Atherosclerosis in psittacine birds . in Assoc Avian Vet Annual Conf Proc New Orleans . 1992;87–93
  3. Bavelaar FJ , Beynen AC . Severity of atherosclerosis in parrots in relation to the intake of alpha linolenic acid . Avian Dis . 2003;47:566–577
  4. Johnson JH , Phalen DN , Kondik VH . Atherosclerosis in psittacine birds . in Assoc Avian Vet Annual Conf Proc New Orleans . 1992;87–93
  5. Bavelaar FJ , Beynen AC . Influence of amount and type of dietary fat on plasma cholesterol concentrations in African grey parrots . J Appl Res Vet Med . 2003;1:1–8
  6. Lumeij JT , Ritchie BW , Cardiology, i . In:  Ritchie BW ,  Harrison GJ ,  Harrison LR editor. Avian medicine: principles and application . Lake Worth, FL: Wingers Publishing; 1994;p. 695–722
  7. de Wit M , Schoemaker NJ . Clinical approach to avian cardiac disease . Sem Av Ex Pet Med . 2005;14:6–13
  8. Lichtenberger M . Determination of indirect blood pressure in the companion bird . Sem Av Ex Pet Med . 2005;14:149–152
  9. Zandvliet MJ . Electrocardiography in psittacine birds and ferrets . Sem Av Ex Pet Med . 2005;14:34–51
  10. Lumeij JT , Stokhof AA . Electrocardiogram of the racing pigeon (Columba livia domestica) . Res Vet Sci . 1985;38:275–278
  11. Smith F , West N , Jones D . The cardiovascular system . In:  Whittow G editors. Sturkie's Avian Physiology . San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000;p. 141–231
  12. Lumeij JT , Stokhof AA . Electrocardiogram of the racing pigeon (Columba livia domestica) . Res Vet Sci . 1985;38:275–278
  13. Boulianne M , Hunter DB , Julian RJ , et al.   Cardiac muscle mass distribution in the domestic turkey and relationship to electrocardiogram . Avian Dis . 1992;36:582–589
  14. Nap AM , Lumeij JT . Cardiology in birds . Tijdschr Diergeneeskd . 1991;116(Suppl. 1):83S–84S
  15. Pees M , Krautwald-Junghanns ME . Avian echocardiology . Sem Av Ex Pet Med . 2005;14:14–21
  16. Pees M , Straub J , Krautwald-Junghanns ME . Echokardiographische Untersuchungen bei Psittaciformes, Teil 1: Durchführung und gattungsspezifische Unterschiede . Tieraerztl Prax . 2003;31(K):126–131
  17. Pees M , Straub J , Krautwald-Junghanns ME . Insufficiency of the muscular right atrioventricular valve in the heart of a blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva aestiva) . Vet Rec . 2001;148:540–543
  18. Straub J , Pees M , Enders F , et al.   Pericardiocentesis and the use of enalapril in a Fischer's lovebird . Vet Rec . 2003;152:24–26

PII: S1041-7826(08)00017-0

doi: 10.1016/j.asams.2008.02.001

Advances in Small Animal Medicine & Surgery
Volume 21, Issue 2 , Pages 1-3 , February 2008

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